https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40357 Wed 27 Jul 2022 15:15:01 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24622 Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, and their blends under O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ conditions were studied using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer-Mass Spectroscopy (TG-MS). During co-combustion of blends, three distinct peaks were observed and were attributed to C. vulgaris volatiles combustion, combustion of lignite, and combustion of microalgae char. Activation energy during combustion was calculated using iso-conventional method. Increasing the microalgae content in the blend resulted in an increase in activation energy for the blends combustion. The emissions of S- and N-species during blend fuel combustion were also investigated. The addition of microalgae to lignite during air combustion resulted in lower CO₂, CO, and NO₂ yields but enhanced NO, COS, and SO₂ formation. During oxy-fuel co-combustion, the addition of microalgae to lignite enhanced the formation of gaseous species.]]> Wed 27 Apr 2022 14:48:49 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13197 2CHCl₂) group bonded to a tetrahydrophthalimide (C₆H₈(CO)₂N-) moiety. The experiments were performed on a bench type apparatus, under conditions representing both under and well-ventilated non-flaming fires. The analyses of gaseous species relied on Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro gas chromatography (μGC), resulting in the identification and quantification of 11 gaseous products; among them, phosgene, thiophosgene and hydrogen cyanide. Gas chromatography - quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QMS) was employed to analyse the condensed products and volatile organic compounds (VOC), while a GC equipped with an ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS) was used to quantify polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). The GC-QMS analysis determined several VOC toxicants; viz., trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, benzonitrile and chlorinated benzenes. At higher temperature (600 °C), the oxidation of captafol led to the formation of mono- to hepta- CDD/F congeners including the most toxic 2,3,7,8-TCDD. In addition, the experimental results were compared to those of the other two sulfenimide fungicides, captan and folpet, both of which contain the thiotrichloromethyl (-SCCl₃) moiety rather than the thiotetrachloroethyl group of captafol. It appears that the thiotetrachloroethyl group in captafol is responsible for the difference in the toxic pollutants formed, particularly influencing the distribution and yields of PCDD/F congeners. Combined with quantum chemical calculations, the results presented in this article provide an insightful understanding of fire chemistry of the sulfenimide fungicides, especially the pathways to the formation of major toxicants during the oxidative thermal decomposition of captafol.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 17:02:01 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9027 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:29:17 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48046 Wed 06 Mar 2024 15:13:59 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7605 Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:44:46 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12272 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:10:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41549 Fri 05 Aug 2022 14:23:33 AEST ]]>